Repository CentOS 6 Lokal

27 12 2011

Daftar repository Centos 6 Kambing
Untuk membukan repo ketikkan
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[CentOS Plus]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/centosplus/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[Contrib]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/contrib/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[Extras]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/extras/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[Fasttrack]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/fasttrack/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[OS]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/os/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[Update]
name=CentOS
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/6/updates/i386/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

Setelah di rubah repo nya, update repository nya dengan mengetikkan
yum update

Kemudian jika ingin mengupgrade centos nya ketikkan
yum upgrade

sekian selamat mecoba.





Fedora Repository

19 12 2011

Fedora Repository

1. Salin/backup kedua file ini:
# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo.asli
# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo.asli

2. Edit file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo

3. Adapun isi dari file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo adalah sbb:

[Kambingi386]
name=Fedora
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/fedora/releases/15/Everything/i386/os
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch

4. Edit file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo

5. Adapun isi dari file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo adalah sbb:
[Kambingupdate]
name=Fedora
baseurl=http://kambing.ui.ac.id/fedora/updates/15/i386
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch

6. Lakukan update
# yum update

7. Jika ingin menginstall software diluar repository yang ada, misal VLC (VideoLan) atau VirtualBox, maka perlu ditambahkan file berikut:
# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
# yum install vlc
# yum install VirtualBox-OSE

8. Have a nice day
Sumber :http://teknologiitusulap.blogspot.com/2011/11/cara-merubah-repository-fedora-16.html





JDownloader Linux

13 12 2011

Ini adalah applikasi yang saya rekomendasikan untuk user open source untuk mendownload file. caranya gampang banget.. tinggal copy link file yang mau di download, dan paste kan ke JDownloader nya. Bahkan full url juga bisa di paste kan ke dalam JDownloader nya. Tinggal di pilih ajah file yang akan di download.
Tanpa panjang lebar, langsung ajah yach tuk pengguna Open Source berikut keterangan nya :

Untuk Pengguna Oneiric (11.10)
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu oneiric main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu oneiric main
$ sudo apt-get install jdownloader

Untuk Pengguna Natty (11.04)
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu natty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu natty main
$ sudo apt-get install jdownloader

Untuk Pengguna Maverick (10.10)
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu maverick main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu maverick main
$ sudo apt-get install jdownloader

Untuk Pengguna Lucid (10.04)
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu lucid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jd-team/jdownloader/ubuntu lucid main
$ sudo apt-get install jdownloader

Untuk menambahkan repo diatas, bisa membuka
$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Tinggal di tambahkan ajah atau di edit kemudian Ctrl+0 enter dan Ctrl+x
kemudian lakukan
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

Kiranya cukup dulu deh tulisan saya…
semoga bermanfaat untuk saya pribadi dan kita semua….





Menyembunyikan Gnome Panel

13 12 2011

Setelah cari sana sini akhir nya dapat juga settingan untuk menyembunyikan Gnome Panel (panel di atas)… tapi nemu nya bukan melalui postingan asli melainkan dari komentar-komentar yang ada di dalam postingan tersebut.

Lihat link ini (sumber : http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2009/09/21/completely-hide-gnome-panel/)

karena postingan nya berbahasa inggris, maka saya tulis ulang ke dalam bahasa indonesia. To the point.. berikut settingan nya :

Tekan (ALT-F2) > ketikan kan "gconf-editor" pada run command > apps > panel > general > pada toplevel_id_list kosongkan tulisan (string) [top_panel] kemudian OK.

dan lihat hasil akhir nya.

Selamat mencoba…





Mempercepat Mozilla Firefox.

8 12 2011

Tutorial settingan ini saya dapat dari http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1299854/posts

berhubung tulisannya berbahasa inggris… maka saya tulis ulang ke bahasa indonesia, yang pada intinya settingan nya sebagai berikut :

1. Pada Mozilla Firefox anda, buka “about:config” tanpa tanda petik.
2. Dikolom search nya, copy paste kan value berikut ini
network.http.pipelining
default nya false diganti dengan true
network.http.proxy.pipelining
default nya false diganti dengan true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests
default nya 4 diganti dengan angka 30 (ini dimaksudkan akan membuat 30 permintaan sekaligus).
3. Langkah terakhir, klik kanan di mana ajah, pilih new > integer. Masukkan name nya 
nglayout.initialpaint.delay
value nya diisikan 0 (nol).
4. restart mozilla firefox anda… kemudian cobalah tuk browsing internet…atau coba dowload menggunakan download dari mozilla firefox nya.

Semoga bermanfaat….

Terima kasih.





Merubah Background Login Zorin OS 5.2 (ubuntu Natty)

8 12 2011

Tutorial yang saya dapat berikut ini juga banyak di referensikan blog-bloger yang terpublish…

Tutor yang saya buat ini murni hanya untuk catatan pribadi saya untuk merubah tampilan Login pada Zorin OS saya.
Adapun Cara Merubah Background Login Screen Di Zorin Adalah Sebagai Berikut  :
1. Siapkan wallpaper yang akan dijadikan login screen
2. Pastikan picture tersebut ber-ext jpg atau png
3. Copykan file tersebut ke direktory system wallpaper.
sudo cp /home/<nama>/Pictures/<gambar.jpg>atau <gambar.png> /usr/share/backgrounds
4. Aktifkan Appearance window login
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-appearance-properties.desktop /usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow
5. Tutup terminal. –>> Log out session. Pada login screen, akan muncul Appearance Preferences. Kemudian pilih background tab pilih wallpaper yang diinginkan sebagai background. (Jika wallpaper yang diinginkan tidak muncul, klik Add. Dan wallpaper yang diinginkan akan ada didalam direktori/usr/share/backgrounds directory).
6. Maka login screen akan memiliki background sesuai dengan yang diinginkan.
7. Lalu supaya tampilan Appearance Preferences tidak muncul masukkan perintah :
sudo unlink /usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow/gnome-appearance-properties.desktop

Untuk teman-teman yang ingin mencoba silahkan.. dan good luck…





Repository Indonesia (IIX)

5 12 2011

Sebenarnya banyak sekali blog-blog temen-temen yang posting repository iix, jika kita cari di www.google.com

Dan dari berbagai sumber, akhirnya saya mencoba untuk memposting beberapa repository lokal yang saya dapatkan dari beberapa blog yang tidak mungkin saya sebutkan satu per-satu di blog ini.

Sebenarnya maksud dan tujuan saya menulis repository lokal ini untuk memudahkan saya pribadi untuk mengubah-ubah repository. Jadi ngga perlu lagi cari-cari lagi di google, langsung buka blog pribadi ajah.

Repository Backtrack IDWS
deb http://backtrack.indowebster.com/repo/all revolution main microverse non-free testing
deb http://backtrack.indowebster.com/repo/32 revolution main microverse non-free testing
deb http://backtrack.indowebster.com/repo/source revolution main microverse non-free testing

Repository Debian Squeeze

Main Repository
deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free

Repository – UGM
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/debian squeeze main non-free contrib
deb-src http://repo.ugm.ac.id/debian squeeze main non-free contrib

Repository – Kambing
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

Repository – Kebo
deb http://kebo.vlsm.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
deb http://kebo.vlsm.org/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://kebo.vlsm.org/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

Berhubung Linux Mint 12 turunan nya dari Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot, jadi repository ini juga bisa di pakek untuk distro Linux Mint 12 (Lisa).

Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot yang bisa di pakek untuk Linux Mint 12 (Lisa). Dan bisa dikatakan juga sebagai Repository Indonesia Linux Mint 12 (Lisa):

Repository – ITB
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – Kambing
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – UGM
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – KOMO
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – UNEJ
deb http://mirror.unej.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.unej.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.unej.ac.id/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – FOSS ID
deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://dl2.foss-id.web.id/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – CBN mirror
deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cbn.net.id/Ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – Indikanet (OpenIXP)
deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.indika.net.id/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – ITS
deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.its.ac.id/ubuntu oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse

Dan ini Repository untuk pengguna Zorin OS 5.2 yang dikarenakan Zorin OS masih menggunakan turunan dari Ubuntu 10 (Natty Narwhal)

Repository – Kambing (UI)
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://kambing.ui.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – UGM
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://repo.ugm.ac.id/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – ITB
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ftp.itb.ac.id/pub/ubuntu natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Repository – Komo
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://komo.padinet.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Semoga repository ini berguna bagi kita semua, dan terutama saya pribadi.

Terima Kasih.





Perintah Dasar Berbasis Teks (Teks User Interface) di Linux Terminal

23 11 2011

Tutorial Linux seperti ini sangat dibutuhkan bagi kita yang ingin lebih mendalami Linux. walapun saat ini perintah-perintah berbasis teks di Linux sudah banyak yang memiliki GUI (Graphical User Interface) sehingga lebih memudahkan user linux pemula namun pada beberapa perintah dasar linux, akan lebih efisien dan cepat jika tetap menggunakan perintah TUI (Teks User Interface) /teks mode.

Inilah beberapa Perintah Dasar Berbasis Teks (Bash Script) di Linux Terminal yang akan kita bahas pada tutorial belajar linux ini.
#any_command –help
Menampilkan keterangan bantu tentang pemakaian perintah. “–help” sama dengan perintah pada DOS “/h”.

#sudo
SuperUser Do, mendapatkan akses root atau administrator pada user biasa tanpa harus login sebagai root user

#ls
Melihat isi file dari direktori aktif. Pada linux perintah dir hanya berupa alias dari perintah ls. Untuk perintah ls sendiri sering dibuatkan alias ls –color, agar pada waktu di ls ditampilkan warna-warna sesuai dengan file-filenya, biasanya hijau untuk execute, dsb.

#ls -al
Melihat seluruh isi file pada direktori aktif beserta file hidden, lalu ditampilkan layar per layar.

#cd directory
Change directory. Menggunakan cd tanpa nama direktori akan menghantarkan anda ke home direktori. Dan cd – akan menghantarkan anda ke direktori sebelumnya.

#cp /source /destination
Mengopi suatu file, gunakan cp -r untuk copy suatu directory

#mcopy /source /destination
Mengcopy suatu file dari/ke dos filesystem.
Contoh mcopy a:autoexec.bat ~/junk . Gunakan man mtools untuk command yang sejenis : mdir, mcd, mren, mmove, mdel, mmd, mrd, mformat….

#mv /source /destination
Memindahkan atau mengganti nama file
ln -s source destination Membuat Simbolic Links, contoh ln -sf /usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_SVGA /etc/X11/X, membuat Simbolic link dari file XF86_SVGA ke X

#rm /files
Menghapus file

#mkdir /directory
Membuat direktori baru

#rmdir /directory
Menghapus direktori yang telah kosong

#rm -r /files
(recursive remove) Menghapus file, direktori dan subdirektorinya. Hati-hati menggunakan perintah ini apabila anda login sebagai root, karena root dengan mudah dapat menghapus seluruh file pada sistem dengan perintah di atas, tidak ada perintah untuk undelete di Linux

#more filename
Untuk melihat isi suatu file, dengan tambahan perintah more, maka isi file tersebut ditampilkan layar per layar.

#less filename
Melihat suatu file layar per layar, dan tekan tombol “q” apabila ingin keluar,

#pico filename
Edit suatu text file.

#pico -w filename
Edit suatu text file, dengan menonaktifkan fungsi word wrap, sangat berguna untuk mengedit file seperti /etc/fstab.

#lynx file.html
Melihat file html atau browse ke net dengan text mode, dimana gambar/image tidak dapat ditampilkan, tapi lynx adalah suatu browser yang sangat cepat, sangat berguna bila anda hanya menginginkan suatu artikel tanpa image.

#tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz
Meng-untar sebuah file tar sekaligus meng-uncompress file tersebut (*.tar.gz atau *.tgz), untuk meletakkannya direktori yg diinginkan tambahkan option -C direktori, contoh tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz -C /opt (meletakkan file tersebut di direktori /opt

#tar -xvf filename.tar
Meng-untar sebuah file tar yang tidak terkompress (*.tar).

#gunzip filename.gz
Meng-uncompress sebuah file zip (*.gz” or *.z). dengan menggunakan gzip (juga zip atau compress) jika anda menginginkan mengompress file.

#bunzip2 filename.bz2
Meng-uncompress file dengan format (*.bz2) dengan utiliti “bzip2″, digunakan pada file yang besar.

#unzip filename.zip
Meng-uncompress file dengan format (*.zip) dengan utiliti “unzip” yang kompatibel dengan pkzip for DOS.

#find / -name “filename”
Mencari “filename” pada komputer anda dimulai dengan direktori /. Namafile tersebut mungkin saja berisi wildcard (*,?).

#locate filename
Mencari file dengan string “filename”. Sangat mudah dan cepat dari perintah di atas.

#talk username1
Berbicara dengan keyboard dengan user lain yg sedang login pada mesin kita (atau gunakan talk username1@machinename untuk berbicara dengan komputer lain). Untuk menerima undangan percakapan, ketikkan talk username2. Jika seseorang mencoba untuk berbicara dengan anda dan itu dirasakan mengganggu, anda bisa menggunakan perintah mesg n untuk menolak pesan tersebut. Dan gunakan perintah who atau rwho untuk melihat siapa user yang mengganggu tersebut.

#mc
Menjalankan “Morton Commander” … eh… salah maksudnya “Midnight Commander” sebagai file manager, cepat dan bagus.

#telnet server
Untuk menghubungkan komputer kita ke komputer lain dengan menggunakan protokol TELNET. Gunakan nama mesin atau Nomor IP mesin, dan anda akan mendapatkan prompt login name dari mesin tersebut, masukkan passwordnya, oh ya .. anda juga harus punya account di mesin remote tersebut. Telnet akan menghubungkan anda dengan komputer lain dan membiarkan anda untuk mengoperasikan mesin tersebut. Telnet sangat tidak aman, setiap yang anda ketik menjadi “open text”, juga dengan password anda! Gunakan ssh alih-alih telnet untuk mengakses mesin secara remote.

#ssh user@ipaddress
(Secure Shell) Untuk mengakses mesin lain,

#rlogin user@ipaddress
(remote login) Menghubungkan anda kekomputer lain. Loginname dan password, tetapi apabila account anda tersebut telah dipakai, maka anda akan mendapatkan pesan kesalahan pada password anda. Sangat tidak aman juga, gunakan ssh sebagai gantinya.

#rsh user@ipaddress
(remote shell) Jalan lain untuk menghubungkan anda ke remote machine. Apabila login name/password anda sedang dipakai di remote mesin tsb, maka password anda tidak akan berlaku. Idem dengan rlogin, gantikan dengan ssh.

#ftp user@ipaddress
Ftp ke mesin lain, ini sangat berguna untuk mengopy file ke/dari remote mesin. Juga tidak aman, gunakan scp dari keluarga ssh sebagai gantinya.

#scp /source /destination
(secure copy) untuk copy file ke atau dari mesin lain, contoh scp user@ipaddress:/source /destination
minicom Program Minicom (dapat dikatakan seperti “Procomm/Hyperterminal for Linux”).

#./program_name
Menjalankan program pada direktori aktif, yang mana tidak terdapat pada PATH anda

#xinit
Menjalankan X-window server (tanpa windows manager).

#startx
Menjalankan X-window server dan meload default windows manager. Sama seperti perintah “win” under DOS dengan Win3.1

#startx — :1
Menjalankan sesi X-windows berikutnya pada display 1 (default menggunakan display 0). Anda dapat menjalankan banyak GUI terminal secara bersamaan, untuk pindah antar GUI gunakan , , etc, tapi ini akan lebih banyak memakan memori.

#xterm
(pada X terminal) ,menjalankan X-windows terminal. Untuk keluar ketikkan exit

#xboing
(pada X terminal). Sangat lucu deh …., seperti games-games lama …..
gimp (pada X terminal) Program image editor yang sangat bagus, bisa disamakan dengan Adobe Photoshop, yang membedakan adalah program ini gratis.

#netscape
(pada X terminal) menjalankan netscape, versi pada waktu tulisan ini dibuat telah mencapai versi 4.7
netscape -display host:0.0 (pada X terminal) menjalankan netscape pada mesin yang aktif dan menampilkan outputnya pada mesin yang bernama host display 0 screen 0. Anda harus memberikan akses untuk mesin aktif untuk menampilkannya pada mesin host dengan perintah xhost

#shutdown -h now
(sebagai root) Shut down sistem. Umumnya digunakan untuk remote shutdown. Gunakan untuk shutdown pada konsol (dapat dijalankan oleh user).

#halt
reboot (sebagai root) Halt atau reboot mesin. Lebih simple dari perintah di atas.

#man topic
Menampilkan daftar dari sistem manual pages (help) sesuaidengan topic. Coba man man. lalu tekan q untuk keluar dari viewer. Perintah info topic Manual pages dapat dibaca dilhat dengan cara any_command –help.

#apropos topic
Menampilkan bantuan manual berdasarkan topik..

#pwd
Melihat direktori kerja saat ini

#hostname
Menampilkan nama local host (mesin dimana anda sedang bekerja). Gunakan perintah netconf (sebagai root) untuk merubah nama host dari mesin tersebut, atau edit file /etc/hosts

#whoami
Mencetak login name anda

#id username
Mencetak user id (uid) atau group id (gid)

#date
Mencetak atau merubah tanggal dan waktu pada komputer, contoh merubah tanggal dan waktu ke 2000-12-31 23:57 dengan perintah: date 123123572000

#time
Melihat jumlah waktu yg ditangani untuk penyelesaian suatu proses + info lainnya. Jangan dibingungkan dengan perintah date
who Melihat user yang login pada komputer kita.

#rwho -a
Melihat semua user yg login pada network anda. Layanan perintah rwho ini harus diaktifkan, jalankan setup sebagai root untuk mengaktifkannya.

#finger username
Melihat informasi user, coba jalankan; finger root

#last
Melihat user sebelumnya yang telah login di komputer.

#uptime
Melihat jumlah waktu pemakaian komputer oleh seseorang, terhitung proses reboot terakhir.

#ps
(=print status) Melihat proses-proses yang dijalankan oleh user

#ps aux
Melihat seluruh proses yang dijalankan, walaupun tanpa terminal

#uname -a
Informasi system kernel anda

#free
Informasi memory (dalam kilobytes).

#df -h
(=disk free) Melihat informasi pemakaian disk pada seluruh system (in human-readable form)

#du / -bh
(=disk usage) Melihat secara detil pemakaian disk untuk setiap direktori, dimulai dari root (in human legible form).

#cat /proc/cpuinfo
Cpu info. Melihat file pada /proc directori yang bukan merupakan file nyata (not real files).

#cat /proc/interrupts
Melihat alamat interrupt yang dipakai.

#cat /proc/version
Melihat Versi dari Linux dan informasi lainnya.

#cat /proc/filesystems
Melihat filesystem yang digunakan.

#cat /etc/printcap
Melihat printer yang telah disetup

#lsmod (as root)
Melihat module-module kernel yang telah di load.

Demikian tutorial linux tentang sebagian dari sekian banyak perintah dasar berbasis teks di terminal linux, jika ada yang dirasa kurang, silahkan tambahkan melalui kolom komentar dibawah, mudah2an penjelasan singkat belajar linux ini bermanfaat.

Sumber : http://elhaidar.wordpress.com/2010/03/30/perintah-dasar-berbasis-teks-teks-user-interface-di-linux-terminal/

Download File PDF : Perintah Dasar Linux





Pake linux ? Jangan maen pencet tombol On/Off sembarangan

23 11 2011

Buat Anda penggemar linux, jangan fanatik dan membangga-banggakan diri, kalo linux itu ngga HANG. Buang paradigma itu jauh-jauh. Linux juga buatan manusia yang dhaif (lemah). Yang pastinya punya banyak kekurangan disana-sini. Dan yang pastinya, juga bisa nge-hang.

Nah, gimana kalo linux Anda nge-hang ? Mencet kombinasi tombol Ctrl-Alt-Backspace udah di lakuin, gak ngaruh. Mencet buka screen baru pake kombinasi tombol Ctrl-Alt-F (1-6) dengan maksud mau kill aplikasi yg hang, udah di lakuin juga. Tapi pas balik ke Ctrl-Alt-F7 masih aja nge-hang…..   Pencet tombol On/Off secara paksa ? …   oh tiddaaakkk…..  sebelum maksa mencet tombol yang itu, coba dulu lakuin yang ini nih :

  1. Tekan secara bersamaan kombinasi tombol Ctrl + SysRq (kalo keyboardnya gak punya tombol SysRq –biasanya sih laptop– bisa pake tombol PrintScreen –biasa disingkat PrntScrn–)
  2. Tekan tombolnya jangan di lepas, pencet terus, sembari neken urut-urutan huruf-huruf berikut : R-E-I-S-U-B(jangan mencet tombol minus/strip-nya ya)
  3. Abis itu perhatiin deh, Linux Anda akan me-reboot secara otomatis dengan sendirinya.

Semoga bermanfaat.

Sumber : http://linuxmint.web.id/pake-linux-jangan-maen-pencet-tombol-onoff-sembarangan/





Tips and Tricks for Linux Mint after Installation

18 11 2011

Linux MintLinux Mint is the 4th most widely used operating systems in the world after Windows, Mac OS and Ubuntu, as claimed by the distribution.

Even though it’s an Ubuntu-based system, Linux Mint features only one panel at the bottom which looks closer to the taskbar in the Windows system, and a well-organized start menu complete with a useful Search box. It also pre-installs some proprietary software, including the Adobe Flash plugin and necessary media codecs, by default so that you can view streaming media, such as YouTube videos in a browser, and play mp3, mp4 or most other media files with a player right away out of the box.

If you have the Linux Mint system which comes with the default Gnome desktop environment installed in your PC, you might find these tips and tricks useful for working with the system.

Note: The steps described in this article work with Linux Mint 11 and Linux Mint 10.

   Pin Programs to the Panel

Frequently used programs can be easily pinned to the panel.

  1. Browse to a program from Menu > Applications.
  2. Drag and drop the program to an empty space in the panel, or right-click the program and select “Add to panel”.
  3. Right click the program icon, select “Move” and drop it to a new place in the panel.
  4. Right click the program icon and select “Lock to Panel”.

See also “Enable Superbar“.

   Set Fully Transparent Panel

When you set the panel to be transparent in the default Mint-X-Metal theme, you will find that some panel items’ backgrounds are not transparent, but you can opt for one of the other themes, such as AuroraMint theme, which comes with the transparent background for the panel items. If you prefer the default theme with the items’ backgrounds transparent, some tweaks are needed with the steps below:

  1. Set Full Transparent PanelClick Menu and select Terminal.
  2. Enter cp -R /usr/share/themes/Mint-X-Metal ~/.themes/
  3. Enter gedit ~/.themes/Mint-X-Metal/gtk-2.0/panel.rc to open the file with gedit.
  4. Search for three instances of “Panel/panelbg.png”
  5. Comment out all three lines by placing a # at the beginning of the lines, for example: #   bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = …, or #   file = …
  6. Save the file.
  7. Go to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Appearance, switch to the other theme and then back to the Mint-X-Metal theme.

Note: If you’d like to change to the Mint-X theme, replace Mint-X-Metal with Mint-X in the above command lines.

   Set Preferences for the Start Menu

Like the Windows’ Start button, Linux Mint has an advanced Gnome menu called “mintMenu” where you can start doing things like running a program, looking for files, log out or quit the system and so on.

This menu allows you to set your personal preferences with the steps below, for example:

  1. Start MenuRight click “Menu”, select “Preferences”.
  2. In the “Main button” tab, remove the word “Menu” from the “Button text” box if you like to hide the text.
  3. Change the keyboard shortcut from <Control>Super_L to others, such as Super_R, if you’d like to just press the right Windows key to get to the menu. (This change only takes effect after logging out and back in the system.)
  4. Change the Button icon from /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintMenu/visualisation-logo.png to /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintMenu/mintMenu.png, as shown in the screenshot. (Caution: avoid changing to a huge size image which might affect the panel.)
  5. In the Places tab, untick the items in “Toggle Default Places” to hide from the Menu.
  6. In the System tab, untick the items in “Toggle Default Items” to hide from the Menu.

Other preferences can also be set in the Options, Theme, Applications and Favorites tabs.

  Enable Superbar

In Windows 7, frequently used programs can be pinned to the taskbar (hence called Superbar). Likewise, DockBarX, a Gnome panel plugin, can be added to Linux Mint to achieve almost the same effect to pin and unpin or launch the applications from the panel.

  1. DockBarX AppletGo to Menu > Software Manager > Edit > Software Source.
  2. Select “Other Software” and click “Add”
  3. At APT line, enter ppa:dockbar-main/ppa, click “Add Source” “Refresh” and “Close”
  4. In the Software Manager window, enter dockbarx inside the Search box to look for dockbarx, which is available after the above steps.
  5. Select Dockbarx and click “Install”
  6. Log out and back into the system, then right click the panel and click “Add to Panel”.
  7. Select the DockBarX Applet and click “Add”.

Note: A thumbnail preview of a running program is also available to DockBarX. To enable this feature, right-click the DockBarX item on the panel, select Properties, choose Window List and tick “Show Previews”. Other preferences such as appearance, window item and group button can also be configured by users.

   Change Font Type and Color of Panel Clock

The font type and color of the panel clock follow the windows text in a theme by default. In particular, if the font color is black and shown on a dark background through a transparent panel, you can’t read the clock clearly, but you can tweak it by changing the font color. And you can define the font type for your panel clock as well.

The code in Step 1 below sets the font color to white and applies Digital Face font (Note 1), bold and size 16.

  1. Panel ClockOpen up the text editor Gedit and paste the following code:
    style “my-panel-clock”
    {
    fg[NORMAL] = “#FFFFFF”
    font_name = “digital-7 bold 16″
    }
    widget “*.clock-applet-button.*” style “my-panel-clock”
  2. Save the file as .gtkrc-2.0 (including the dot in front of the filename) inside your home directory /home/your_user_name.
  3. Log out and log back in (OR enter killall gnome-panel into the Terminal) to see the change.

Note 1: The Digital Face font can be downloaded here. After downloading, unzip the file, enter sudo mv digital-7.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype into Terminal to move the font file to the restricted folder. See alsoInstall Extra Fonts.

Note 2: The filename leading by a dot represents it’s a hidden file and visible by toggling the key Ctrl-H in the Nautilus file browser.

   Open Up a Window in Center

When running an application without maximized, Linux Mint always puts it in the left-top corner of the desktop by default, but you are allowed to set a program window to open up in the center of the desktop area.

  1. CompizConfig Settings ManagerPress Alt+F2 to bring up “Run Application” window.
  2. Type ccsm into the box and click Run to bring up CompizConfig Settings Manager.
  3. Select “Windows Management” from the left panel.
  4. Click “Place Windows”.
  5. Change Placement Mode from “Smart” to “Centered”, click “Back” and “Close”.

Ideally, the window manager in Linux Mint should restore the last known position of an application window, but it does not do that unless an application remembers its own window position.

   Roll Up and Down a Window

When you double-click the title bar of a window, the default setting is to maximize a window. Since there’s already a maximize button you can use for this, I always like to change the default setting to rolling up (or ‘shading’) a window when I double-click on its title bar.Window Shading

  1. Go to Menu > Control Center > Personal
  2. Click “Windows” to open up “Window Preferences”.
  3. In “Titlebar Action”, select “Roll up” (or “Shade”) from the drop-down list.

Now you can roll up a window when you double-click its title bar, and roll it down by double-clicking the title bar again. Simple as that.

   Customize the Theme

Linux Mint is using the Mint-X-Metal as the default theme, but you can either select one of the other available themes or customize it to suit your preferences easily.

  1. Customize the ThemeGo to Menu > Applications > Perferences > Appearance
  2. Select the other theme, for instance AuroraMint, and your window will reflect the changes to the new theme.
  3. Click the “Customize” button.
  4. Select one of the tabs, such as Icons.
  5. Choose one of the icon packages, for example, Elementary Mint, and click the “Close” button.
  6. Now it becomes your Custom theme and you can save it as a new theme, such as “AuroraMint with Elementary Icons”.

   Set Aero Glass Effect

In Linux Mint you can set nearly the same aero glass effect to window borders with alpha transparency as available in Windows 7.

  1. Aero Glass EffectPress Alt+F2 to bring up “Run Application” window.
  2. Type gconf-editor into the box, click “Run” to bring up Configuration Editor.
  3. Browse to apps > gwd, look for “metacity_theme_active_opacity” on the right panel.
  4. Change the value in “metacity_theme_active_opacity” from 1 to 0.75 (or smaller such as 0.5 for more transparency).
  5. Then go to Menu > Applications > Preferences > CompizConfig Settings Manager.
  6. Select “Effects” from the left panel.
  7. Tick “Blur Windows” and click the “Close” button. (Note: default values in Blur Windows can be applied.)

Note: If the aero glass effect doesn’t work, check if you have updated your display driver. Go to Menu > Applications > Administration > Additional Drivers, activate the recommended graphics driver and restart the system.

   Enable Aero Snap (Linux Mint 10 only)

In Windows 7, you can click and drag a window to the left or right edge of the desktop and it will fill half of the screen, or snap a window to the top edge of the desktop and it will be maximized.

In Linux Mint 11, you can click and drag a window to the left, right or top edge of the desktop to achieve the same result, but in Linux Mint 10, you need some tweaking as follows.

  1. Go to Menu > Software Manager, type wmctrl into the Search box and press “Enter”.
  2. Select “wmctrl” and click “Install” if it has not been installed.
  3. Go To Menu > Applications > Preferences > CompizConfig Settings Manager.
  4. Select “General” from the left panel and click “Commands”.
  5. In Command line 0, 1 and 2, paste the following codes:
    1. Command line 0, paste WIDTH=`xdpyinfo | grep ‘dimensions:’ | cut -f 2 -d ‘:’ | cut -f 1 -d ‘x’` && HALF=$(($WIDTH/2)) && wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -b add,maximized_vert && wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -e 0,0,0,$HALF,-1
    2. Command line 1, paste WIDTH=`xdpyinfo | grep ‘dimensions:’ | cut -f 2 -d ‘:’ | cut -f 1 -d ‘x’` && HALF=$(($WIDTH/2)) && wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -b add,maximized_vert && wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -e 0,$HALF,0,$HALF,-1
    3. Command line 2, paste wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -b add,maximized_vert,maximized_horz
  6. In the same window, click “Edge Bindings” tab.
  7. Change Run Command 0, 1 and 2 from “None” to “Left”, “Right” and “Top” respectively.
  8. Click “Back” button and select “General Options”, change “Edge Trigger Delay” to about 500.

   Hide Drive Icons on the Desktop

In addition to the Computer and Home icons, Linux Mint adds an icon to the desktop for every removable drive that you attach to your system. The icons can be hidden by these steps:

  1. Press Alt+F2 to bring up “Run Application” window.
  2. Type gconf-editor into the box, click “Run” to bring up Configuration Editor.
  3. Browse to apps > nautilus > desktop.
  4. Untick “computer_icon_visible”, “home_icon_visible” and “volumes_visible” and close the window.

As an alternative if Desktop Settings is available, you can go to Menu > Preferences > Desktop Settings > Desktop, then untick Computer, Home and Mounted Volumes.

The drive icons as well as Computer and Home icons would then disappear from the desktop. Remember that you can always access the drives from Menu > Places.

   Change Wallpapers Automatically

You can right click your desktop, select “Change Desktop Background” and choose any one of the wallpapers pre-installed, but you need to do it each time you want to change a wallpaper. What about changing a wallpaper automatically within a certain time interval? Try Wally.

  1. Change Wallpapers with WallyGo to Menu > Software Manager, enter wally into the Search box and click “Install”. (Note)
  2. Press Alt-F2, enter wally and click the “Run” button.
  3. Right-click the Wally icon on the panel, select Settings.
  4. Click “Folders” in the left column, then add /usr/share/backgrounds to the Folder box and tick “Include subfolders”.
  5. Click “Settings” in the left column, then tick “Play automatically on application starts”.
  6. Set the application to auto start, using this tip Auto Start Up an Application (as Wally’s option to “Start automatically when system starts” being disabled).

Your wallpaper on the desktop will automatically change following these basic settings when you log back in the system (or right click the Wally icon on the panel and select “Play”).

Note: If you like to get the latest version of Wally which has an option to disable splash screen and auto quit, go to developer’s site to download. After which, right click the .deb file and select “Open with GDebi Package Installer” to install, then follow Step 2 above.

   Set a Default View in File Manager

Windows Explorer allows for users to set a default view to all folders. In almost the same way, Linux Mint’s Nautilus File Browser allows for these settings:

  1. Set File BrowserGo to “Places” and open a folder.
  2. At the top of the File Browser, click “Edit” and “Preference”.
  3. Under Default View, change “Icon View” to “List View”, to see more details in columns.
  4. Tick “Show hidden and backup files” if that’s your choice.

Other various settings, such as single or double click to open items, icon captions, list columns, preview files and media handling can be done in the same window as well.

   Create an Advanced File Manager

In the Mint file system, you can use Nautilus file manager to browse most files but can only write files in your home folder /home/your_name and its sub-folders such as Desktop and Documents. If you have to rename a folder or write files outside of your home folder using the file manager, you won’t be able to but you can create an advanced file manager for this purpose.

  1. Advanced File ManagerGo to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Main Menu
  2. Select “Accessories” in the left panel and click “New Item” in the right panel.
  3. Enter a name such as Advanced Nautilus in the “Name” box.
  4. Enter gksu nautilus in the “Command” box.
  5. Click the “OK” button and the “Close” button.

Now you can go to Menu > Applications > Accessories and see that the Advanced Nautilus is ready for use. But be careful since you can use it to delete or change any files on your system.

   Add or Change Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are preset in the system, but you can add new ones or change them easily. For instance, change the default shortcut Ctrl+Alt+T (Run a Terminal) to Win+R (press R while holding down the Windows key, also known as Super key) by the following steps:

  1. Keyboard ShortcutsGo To System > Preferences > Keyboard Shortcuts
  2. Browse to Desktop > “Run a terminal”
  3. Click on the Shortcut, and it shows “New shortcut…”
  4. Press Win+R, and it shows Mod4+R
  5. Click the Close button and try the new shortcut.

Note 1: To disable a shortcut, press Backspace when it shows “New shortcut…” after the step 3 above.

Note 2: Shortcuts begin with XF86 refer to special keys available to some multimedia keyboards.

Note 3: Keyboard shortcuts can also be set by changing keybinding values with Configuration Editor. Press Alt+F2 and enter gconf-editor, then navigate to apps > gnome_settings_daemon > keybindings, or apps > metacity > global_keybindings and window_keybindings.

   Terminate Unresponsive Programs

Xkill is part of the X11 utilities pre-installed in Linux Mint and a tool for terminating misbehaving X clients or unresponsive programs. You can easily add a shortcut key to launch xkill with the steps below.

  1. xkillGo to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Keyboard Shortcuts.
  2. Click the Add button to create a custom shortcut.
  3. Enter xkill to both the Name and Command boxes and click the Applybutton.
  4. Click on Disabled at the xkill row in the Keyboard Shortcuts window (Disabled is then changed to New shortcut…).
  5. Press a new key combination, e.g. Ctrl+Alt+X (New shortcut… is then changed to Ctrl+Alt+X).
  6. Click the Close button.

Xkill is ready for use. Press the above key combination to turn the cursor to an X-sign, move the X-sign and drop it into a program interface to terminate the unresponsive program, or cancel the X-sign with a right-click.

Note: As an alternative, you can right-click the panel, select “Add to panel”, then choose “Force Quit” to add to the panel. This works similarly to the above but it’s activated from a button on the panel instead of the keyboard shortcut.

   Re-start System without Rebooting

If you press Ctrl+Alt+Delete, Linux Mint brings you a menu to shut down, restart, or suspend your system. But for some reason you might encounter that the system freezes, the mouse cursor can’t move, neither pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete can work.

Remember that there’s a shortcut key Alt+PrintScreen+K that can bring you back to the log-in screen immediately without the need to reboot the system. That’s a time saver.

As an alternative, you can also use Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to do the same. If this shortcut key is disabled, you can easily enable it by the following steps:

  1. Go to System > Preferences > Keyboard.
  2. Select the “Layouts” tab and click the “Options” button.
  3. Select “Key sequence to kill the X server” and enable “Control + Alt + Backspace”.

   Set Sound Output

If you use a PC with an integrated audio device and it has no sound when playing a media file on a player, try these simple steps to set Sound Preferences for your PC. It works for me for the audio device I have.

  1. Go to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Sound to bring up the Sound Preferences window.
  2. Under the Hardware tab, change Profile to Analog Stereo Duplex from the drop-down menu.
  3. Under the Output tab, change Connector to Analog Output (LFE)/Amplifier from the drop-down menu.

As the items available from the drop-down menus might differ depending on the hardware devices detected by the system, you might want to try other items in the menus to see if they work for your devices.

   Disable or Change Login Sound

Each time when you login to Linux Mint, it plays a login sound. If you don’t like to listen to it each time you login, you can easily disable it, or you can even change it to your favorite sound.

To disable the login sound:

  1. Go to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Startup Applications.
  2. Under the “Startup Programs” tab, untick “GNOME Login Sound”
  3. Click Close

To change the login sound, tick the above “GNOME Login Sound” if it’s unticked, then follow these steps:

  1. Press Alt+F2 to bring up “Run Application” window.
  2. Paste gksu nautilus /usr/share/sounds/LinuxMint/stereo into the box, click “Run” to open Nautilus in the right folder.
  3. Rename the original file desktop-login.ogg to another such as desktop-login-original.ogg for backup.
  4. Copy your sound file in ogg format to the above folder and name the file as desktop-login.ogg
  5. Log out and log back in to listen to the new login sound.

   Install Extra Fonts

Do you prefer Windows TrueType fonts to the default fonts installed by Linux Mint? The mscorefonts package containing most Microsoft fonts can be installed and configured easily in a few steps below:

  1. Ubuntu Extra FontsGo to Menu > Terminal.
  2. Paste sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer into the Terminal (by pressing Ctrl-Shift-V in the Terminal after copying the highlighted code).
  3. Go to Menu > Applications > Preferences > Appearance > Fonts.
  4. Click each of them, pick a font and size to configure for window title and so on.

How about installing more TrueType fonts? With your font files, you can manually add them into the system following the steps below:

  1. Press Alt+F2 to bring up “Run Application” window.
  2. Paste gksu nautilus /usr/share/fonts/truetype into the box, click “Run” to open Nautilus in the right folder.
  3. Create a new sub-folder and copy your files ending with .ttf into the sub-folder.
  4. Enter sudo fc-cache -f -v in the Terminal to rebuild the font information.

Besides this, you can run an application such as Font-Manager to view, install, remove fonts and so on.

Note: If you like the Tahoma font which is not included in the mscorefonts package, you might want to copy the two files tahoma.ttf and tahomabd.ttf from /Windows/Fonts and install them.

   Install Screenlets

Screenlets are small applications to represent things such as sticky notes, clocks, calendars around on your desktop. You can launch a pre-installed screenlet from Screenlet Manager, or install a new one into the Manager for launching it. Here are the steps for installing and launching a screenlet, for example, WaterMark System Information.

  1. WaterMark ScreenletInstall Screenlets Manager if it has not been added.
    1. Go to Menu > Software Manager.
    2. Enter screenlets into the Search Box.
    3. Select Screenlets, click the “Install” button.
  2. Download the screenlet “WaterMark System Information” to a folder.
  3. Go to Menu > Applications > Accessories > Screenlets.
  4. Click Install, select Install Screenlet and click OK.
  5. Browse to the folder, select the file downloaded and click “Open” to install the screenlet into the Screenlets Manager.
  6. Select the screenlet “WaterMark” and click “Launch/Add”. (Tips: you can add more than one WaterMark screenlet and set it to display other system information.)

More screenlets are available for installation from screenlets.org.

   Add More Useful Software

Linux Mint’s Software Manager lets you search and get free software, or straight from the Menu, you can type an application name into the Search box to see if the software has been installed and ready for use. If it’s not, you can click “Install package…” to install it if the available software package is shown in the panel. What’s more? you can also go to Menu > Package Manager, type in an application name to search and install a software package from the repositories.

Alternatively, you can get the latest freeware applications by clicking the Install this now button from theGetDeb Repository after the getdeb package is installed with the instructions given.

See also our Best Free Software for Linux.

   Auto Mount Drives at System Startup

Linux Mint is capable of reading and writing files stored on Windows formatted partitions, but partitions must be ‘mounted’ before they can be accessed each time you start up the system. With these steps, you can auto mount the drives or partitions without the need to manually mount them for access.

  1. Storage Device ManagerGo to Menu > Software Manager, type pysdm into the Search box and press “Enter”.
  2. Select “pysdm” and click “Install” if it has not been installed.
  3. Go to Menu > Applications > Administration > Storage Device Manager.
  4. Extend the list of sda and select the sda you want to auto mount, click ‘OK’ to configure.
  5. Click the “Assistant” button.
  6. Uncheck “Mount file system in read only mode” and keep “The file system is mounted at boot time” checked.
  7. Click the “Mount”, “Apply” then “Close” button, and restart the system.

In case you wish to remove the auto-mount of a certain drive or partition, you can similarly use Storage Device Manager to do the setting.

Note: If you need to identify disk partitions by label, paste ls /dev/disk/by-label -g in Terminal, or to view partition sizes and file systems, enter sudo fdisk -l. Disk Utility mentioned in “Name or Label a Partition” also gives you a glance of device numbers, partition types, sizes and labels.

   Manually Mount a USB Drive

A USB storage device plugged into the system usually mounts automatically, but if for some reasons it doesn’t automount, it’s possible to manually mount it with these steps.

  1. Go to Menu > Terminal.
  2. Enter sudo mkdir /media/usb to create a mount point called usb.
  3. Enter sudo fdisk -l to look for the USB drive already plugged in, let’s say the drive you want to mount is /dev/sdb1.
  4. Enter sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/usb -o uid=1000,gid=100,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137 to mount a USB drive formatted with FAT16 or FAT32 system. OR:
    Enter sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/usb to mount a USB drive formatted with NTFS system.

To unmount it, just enter sudo umount /media/usb in the Terminal.

   Name or Label a Partition

Nautilus file manager shows the root directory as File System for your Mint system partition. If you have other partitions (or volumes), it shows them as xx GB Filesystem if they’re not named or labelled.

Using Disk Utility is one of the effective ways to name a partition easily:

  1. Disk UtilityInstall Disk Utility if it has not been added.
    1. Go to Menu > Software Manager.
    2. Enter gnome-disk-utility into the Search Box.
    3. Select gnome-disk-utility, click the “Install” button.
  2. Go to Menu > Applications > Administration > Disk Utility
  3. Select the item Hard Disk.
  4. In the Volumes section, click a partition you want to label.
  5. Click “Edit Filesystem Label” (Note 1)
  6. In the Label box, enter a name, e.g. Data-Disk, and click Apply.

The file manager should now show the partition label, such as Data-Disk, instead of xx GB Filesystem.

Note 1: If the option for “Edit Filesystem Label” is not shown, click “Unmount Volume” before hand. In case you can’t unmount a volume, try Storage Device Manager to unmount it. See Auto Mount Drives at System Startup.

Note 2: This tip is for naming a partition using Disk Utility, use other advanced features such as format, edit or delete partition with caution as they can delete data on your disk.

   Auto Start Up an Application

In Windows, you can place a program shortcut in a startup folder for running a program automatically when the system starts. In Linux Mint, you can do the same in this way:

  1. Auto Start Up ApplicationsGo To Menu > Applications > Preferences > Startup Applications
  2. Click the “Add” button.
  3. Name a program.
  4. Click the “Browse” button and navigate to File System > usr > bin, where programs are usually installed.
  5. Select a program, click the “Open” button followed by the “Add” button.

The above program will then be listed in additional startup programs. Check if the program runs automatically by logging out and back to the system.

   Change Default Boot Options

After full installation, Linut Mint is set to be the default operating system to boot up if no key is pressed within a few seconds on a multi-boot system. You might want to set your preferred operating system to boot up by default. This can be done easily with StartUp-Manager.

  1. Go to Menu > Applications > Administration > StartUp-Manager
  2. Enter password to perform pre-configuration tasks, which include searching bootloaders to operating systems.
  3. Select the default operating system from the pull-down menu, click “Close” to perform post-configuration tasks.

With StartUp-Manager, you can also do others such as manage Usplash themes, adjust bootloader menu resolution or set timeout in seconds. Avoid changing timeout to 0 seconds if you need to select a system to boot up from a multi-boot menu.

Note: If your startup splash logo is changed to text after applying a graphics driver, the StartUp-Manager can be used to change the text back to the logo by adjusting to higher resolution and color depth supported by the driver.

   Remove Old Linux Kernel, Clean Up Boot Menu

Each time when Linux Mint updates to a new Linux kernel, the old one is left behind and the boot menu gets longer. If your new Linux kernel works well, it’s safe to remove the old one and clean up the boot menu. Do take these steps carefully as incorrect removal of the items can make your system unbootable.

  1. Go to Menu > Terminal.
  2. Enter uname -r to print the Linux kernel version you’re running (e.g. 2.6.32-22-generic).
  3. Go to Menu > Package Manager.
  4. Click Status from the left panel and select Installed.
  5. Enter the main version number (e.g. 2.6.32) in the Search box.
  6. Right-click the items with smaller sub version number (e.g. 2.6.32-21) for older Linux kernel and selectMark for Complete Removal. The files for the older version to remove may include linux-headers-2.6.32-21, linux-headers-2.6.32-21-generic and linux-image-2.6.32-21-generic.
  7. Click Apply from the top panel.
  8. Click Apply again from the pop-up window to confirm removal of the marked packages. The boot menu will be cleaned up automatically after the removal is confirmed.

Note: Try also Grub Customizer which can be used to hide items from the boot menu. Just install the program by entering the following in the Terminal, then run the program, untick the items you want to hide and click ‘Save’.

  1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
  2. sudo apt-get update
  3. sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

   Auto Shutdown the System

A simple command can be entered in the Terminal to schedule a time for the system to shut down.

  1. Go Menu > Terminal.
  2. Enter sudo shutdown -h +m (replace m with the number of minutes, e.g. +60).
    OR: enter sudo shutdown -h hh:mm (replace hh:mm with the time on the 24hr clock, e.g. 23:15).
  3. Enter password and minimize the Terminal window.

The system will then shut down within the minutes or at the time specified. To cancel a scheduled time, entersudo shutdown -c in the Terminal.

Alternatively, you might want to download and install GShutdown, which is a GUI program for scheduling a time to shutdown the system.

Source : http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/tips-and-tricks-linux-mint-after-installation.htm